Basically, this is a test for density with, unfortunately, one single bit of resolution. You can get much more precision just by measuring the density directly - for example, take the weight of a tablespoon of your starter or dough. If it's 14g, that's precisely the density of water. Anything above that weight would sink and anything below would float, but by making the measurement you can see just how much above or below. The precision is limited by how accurately you can get a fixed volume of product (and the resolution of your scale).

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