A smooth dough feels strong when you tug on it and has a nice, smooth surface, which is an indication that all the ingredients have been fully incorporated and the gluten has developed sufficiently. On a Kitchenaid this will take about 2 or 3 minutes on low speed (to mix the ingredients) and then 3 or 4 minutes on medium speed to knead the dough (or develop the gluten). If you're kneading by hand, kneading can take up to 10 minutes. I hope this helps. Remember you can call our Baker's Hotline at 855-371-2253 if you are in the midst of kneading your dough and need a little advice or support. We love to talk about dough! Barb@Kaf

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