Do eggs used in baking really need to be at room temperature?

You have a sudden urge for cake. (We’ve all been there, right?) You figure you have just enough time to throw the batter together and get it into the oven before your next Zoom. You pull out the recipe and — oh, man … It calls for “eggs, at room temperature.” Really? REALLY?

PJ Hamel

Yes, really. Either choose a non-temperature-dependent cake recipe (our Original Cake Pan Cake is a Hall of Famer) or put off your cake baking. Because when a King Arthur recipe (or any thoughtfully developed recipe) calls for room-temperature eggs — that would be 68°F to 70°F — then room temperature they should be. (And if the recipe doesn't specify temperature? Then either cold or room temp. is typically fine.)

Cold eggs can make for bad cakes  

When a cake recipe calls for creaming room-temperature butter and sugar together until light and fluffy then gradually adding room-temperature eggs, you’re creating the foundation for your cake’s structure.

During beating, the combination of sugar crystals and butter creates air bubbles. Adding eggs introduces water (from the whites), which combines with the sugar to create a syrup that fixes itself in suspension around the air bubbles, effectively trapping them. Add your remaining ingredients carefully (you don’t want to “break” that suspension), and you’ll make high-rising cake with a fine crumb.

PJ Hamel

What happens if the eggs you add are cold? The delicate butter-sugar-air combo you’ve just beaten together is damaged when the cold eggs stiffen the butter into small sharp chunks. This hardened butter rips apart the suspension — and all of a sudden, those air bubbles are gone. Not a good thing; your cake won’t rise as high and its texture will be coarse.

Some cakes start by beating eggs with sugar instead of eggs with butter, but the desired result is the same: trapped air bubbles. Start with cold (read: stiff) eggs, and it’s much more difficult to coax air into the mixture. Room-temperature eggs, being more flexible, capture air more quickly and easily: It’s simple as that.

Where else do room-temperature eggs matter?

Cream-method cakes aren’t alone when it comes to using room-temperature eggs for best results. Here are some other instances where you should make sure your eggs are at room temperature before you use them.

Kristin Teig

• Cheesecake: When beating cream cheese and sugar (gently, you don’t want to introduce air bubbles), the cheese gradually warms and smooths out. Add cold eggs and the cheese stiffens up again, creating lumps and therefore prolonging the beating process. Some cheesecakes, particularly those made with a food processor, do fine with cold ingredients; but typically you’ll get better cheesecake results by starting with room-temperature ingredients.
• Certain muffins and cookies: Some of these rely on the creaming method, just like cakes. Cream-type muffins made without regard to ingredient temperature may exhibit the same signs of distress as cake: a lower rise and coarse texture. Cookies may be hard and flat rather than light and crispy. If your muffin or cookie recipe calls for room-temperature eggs — obey!
• Yeast breads using more than 1 large egg per cup of flour: Too many cold eggs will slow down yeast activity, extending rising times. The one exception to this is brioche, which relies on cold eggs to stiffen its dough: An abundance of butter makes the dough super-soft, and cold eggs help hold it together.

Anne Mientka

• Egg whites for buttercream or meringue(s): You should separate eggs when they’re cold (there’s less chance of the yolk breaking), but then warm the whites to room temperature before beating. Why? Warmer whites are more flexible and will absorb air more quickly.

Where cold eggs work fine

Sometimes it simply doesn’t matter what temperature your eggs are: cold, cool, or room temperature. Here are a couple of examples:

• Baked goods that don’t start by creaming butter and sugar or butter and eggs: Think paste-type cakes (where butter and flour are mixed together before eggs and sugar are added); and stir-together (one-bowl) cakes, bars, muffins, and cookies, any recipe where you simply stir or beat all of the ingredients together at once. In this case, the eggs are there for their fat and their protein’s ability to create a sturdy structure, but without the need to capture air.

Rick Holbrook

• Baked goods where eggs are a garnish: Khachapuri has you crack a whole fresh egg into a partially baked bread "boat," then continue baking until the egg is set. And some breakfast pizzas include whole eggs cracked onto a partially baked crust. In these cases it’s best to use eggs right from the fridge: Cold eggs are more likely to hold their shape as they bake.

PJ Hamel

Is it safe to keep eggs at room temperature?

According to the FDA, eggs should be left at normal room temperature (68°F to 70°F) no more than two hours; or at higher temperatures no more than one hour.

What’s the best way to bring eggs to room temperature quickly?

When you’re set to bake and your recipe calls for room-temperature eggs but all you have is fridge-cold, don’t give up. Here’s how to warm eggs quickly:

Fill a bowl with hot water: think a warm, relaxing bath, not a scalding hot shower. Submerge the cold eggs in the hot water. They should warm to 70°F or so within about 10 minutes.

You know what else can make or break a cake? Having your butter at the right temperature. Check out this article on best practices for creaming butter and sugar.

Cover photo by Rick Holbrook; food styling by Kaitlin Wayne.