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Weigh your flour; or measure it by gently spooning it into a cup, then sweeping off any excess.
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To make the dough: Combine all of the dough ingredients, stirring until everything comes together.
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Knead the dough until smooth, adding additional water if needed — the dough should be soft and supple.
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Cover the dough and allow it to rise for 1 to 2 hours, or until puffy, but not necessarily doubled in bulk.
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While the dough is rising, prepare the topping and filling.
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To make the topping: Set a saucepan that's at least 4" deep over medium heat and add the butter.
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Heat the butter until it's melted, then stir in the remaining topping ingredients, except the pecans. Bring the mixture to a boil, stirring constantly.
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Turn the heat to low and continue to boil the topping until it's glossy and slightly thickened, 3 to 4 minutes longer.
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Pour the topping into a lightly greased 8" square pan and sprinkle the pecans evenly on top.
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To make the filling: Combine all the ingredients except the chopped pecans and stir until blended.
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Beat the filling on high speed of a stand or handheld electric mixture for 3 minutes until light and fluffy.
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To assemble the buns: Gently deflate the dough on a lightly floured work surface. Roll or pat it into a 9" x 12" rectangle.
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Spread the filling evenly onto the dough then sprinkle on the chopped pecans, leaving a bare 1" margin along one of the short edges.
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Starting with the filling-covered short edge, roll the dough into a log, pinching the edge to seal. Slice the log into nine equal pieces. For easiest slicing see "tips," below.
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Place the buns into the prepared pan, leaving about 1/4" to 1/2" in between them; they won't fill the pan completely.
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Cover the pan, and let the buns rise for 45 minutes to 1 hour; they should be noticeably puffy.
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Near the end of the rising time preheat the oven to 350°F.
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Bake the buns for 26 to 30 minutes, tenting them with foil towards the end if they appear to be browning too quickly. The finished buns will be a deep golden brown and the filling will be bubbling up around the edges of the pan.
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Remove the buns from the oven and allow them to cool in the pan for 5 minutes.
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Loosen the buns from the edges of the pan then carefully (the caramel is VERY hot!) turn the buns out onto a serving plate, scraping any extra topping and nuts from the pan back onto the buns.