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To make the dough: Weigh your flour; or measure it by gently spooning it into a cup, then sweeping off any excess. Mix and knead all of the dough ingredients together — by hand, mixer or bread machine set on the dough cycle — until you've made a smooth dough. If you're kneading in a stand mixer, it should take 5 to 7 minutes at second speed, and the dough should barely clean the sides of the bowl, perhaps sticking a bit at the bottom. In a bread machine (or by hand), it should form a smooth ball.
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Place the dough in a lightly greased bowl. Cover the bowl, and allow the dough to rise, at room temperature, for 1 to 2 hours, or until it's nearly doubled in bulk. Rising may take longer, especially if you've kneaded by hand. Give it enough time to become quite puffy.
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While the dough is rising, lightly grease two 9" round cake pans.
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To make the glaze: Whisk together the syrup, rum (if you're using it) and melted butter.
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Divide the glaze evenly between the pans. Sprinkle the sugar and pecans atop the glaze.
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To make the filling: Whisk together the sugar, cinnamon, and flour.
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To assemble the buns: Transfer the dough to a lightly greased work surface, and pat or roll it into a 16" x 12" rectangle. It's a nice, soft dough, and pats out easily.
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Sprinkle filling evenly over the dough, leaving an uncovered strip about 1" wide along one long end of the rectangle.
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Starting with the sugar-covered edge, roll the dough into a log the long way.
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Using a serrated knife, slice the log into 16 slices. In order to cut down on drag, it helps to rinse the blade in hot water, and wipe it off, between slices.
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Space eight buns in each of the prepared pans. Cover the pans, and let the buns rise till they spread out and touch one another, about 60 to 90 minutes.
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While the buns are rising, preheat the oven to 350°F.
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To finish the buns: Bake the sticky buns for 15 minutes. Tent them lightly with aluminum foil, and bake until they're a light golden brown, about 10 more minutes.
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Remove the buns from the oven, and loosen their edges with a knife. Carefully — the sugar is hot! — turn them out onto a rack or parchment-covered sheet pan to cool, scraping any glaze that may have stuck to the pan onto the warm buns.
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Serve warm, or at room temperature. Wrap airtight and store at room temperature for several days; freeze for longer storage.