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To make the dough: Using your favorite tool — a fork, food processor, or electric mixer — beat together the cream cheese, butter, sugar, and salt until smooth and creamy.
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Add the flour and mix (on low speed, if you're using a mixer, or very briefly in a food processor) until the dough has formed a loose ball.
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Divide the dough in half and shape each half into a flat 1"-thick disk. Wrap the dough in plastic wrap or waxed paper, and refrigerate it for one hour, or up to three days. Or freeze for up to three months.
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Position a rack in the upper third of the oven, and preheat the oven to 400°F.
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Remove one piece of dough from the refrigerator and place it on a floured work surface. Roll it into a circle that’s about 1/8” thick and use a 2 1/4” round cutter to cut out 14 to 16 circles from the dough, rerolling the scraps as necessary.
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Repeat with the second piece of dough, this time using a 2 1/2” round cutter to cut out the same number of circles.
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Place the smaller circles on a lightly greased or parchment-lined baking sheet and brush a light coating of egg wash onto the surface of each.
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Sprinkle or spoon your chosen filling combinations into the center of each circle then place a larger circle on top, pressing around the perimeter with your finger to seal each tart.
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Transfer each dough circle to a muffin cup, gently pressing it into the bottom and onto the sides.
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Bake the tarts for 14 to 16 minutes, or until they're golden brown.
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Remove the tarts from the oven and transfer them to a rack to cool.
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Storage information: Store cooled tarts at room temperature for a day or two, or freeze for up to one month. Tarts can be rewarmed in a 250°F oven.