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Beat together the butter, sugars, salt, baking soda, baking powder, and vanilla until well combined.
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Add the egg, beating until smooth. Scrape the sides of the bowl, and beat again until smooth.
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Add the flour and oats, beating to combine.
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If you're making whole wheat oatmeal cookies using chips, nuts, etc., beat in the orange juice, then the add-ins. If you're making plain cookies, without add-ins, omit the orange juice.
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Cover the cookie dough and refrigerate until thoroughly chilled; at least several hours, or overnight for best results. You can bake these cookies without refrigerating the dough, but they'll spread to be quite flat, especially if there aren't any add-ins.
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When you're ready to bake, preheat the oven to 375°F. Lightly grease (or line with parchment) two baking sheets.
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Scoop the dough by the traditional teaspoonful (about 2 measuring teaspoons, about a 1" ball) onto the prepared baking sheets, spacing them about 2" apart. A teaspoon cookie scoop works well here.
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If the cookie dough has been refrigerated, bake the cookies for 13 to 14 minutes, until they're a very light golden brown and a bit darker around the edges. For dough that hasn't been chilled, bake for about 11 minutes. For softer cookies, reduce the baking time by about 2 minutes.
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Remove the cookies from the oven, and cool right on the baking sheets.
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Store whole wheat oatmeal cookies, well wrapped, for 4 to 5 days at room temperature; freeze for longer storage.