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To make the crust: Place the flour and salt in a large bowl.
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Using two knives or a pastry cutter, work in the shortening until lumps the size of peas remain.
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The water should be ice cold and added gradually, mixing a little with a fork after each addition. Once you start to add the ice water, over-handling will make the crust tough, so try to keep handling to a minimum.
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When the dough starts to hold together a bit gather it with your hands and form it into a ball.
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Wrap and chill the dough for half an hour before rolling it out. While the dough is chilling, make the filling.
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To make the filling: Mix the apples with the flour, sugar and spices.
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Preheat the oven to 425°F.
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Transfer the dough to a floured board. Roll the dough until it's 2" larger in diameter than the top edge of the pie pan.
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Transfer the dough to the pan, and flute the edges.
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Pour them into the prepared pie pan.
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To make the topping: Cut the butter up with a knife a bit, then mix it into the flour and sugar with your hands or a fork until everything is mixed together but still a little lumpy.
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Spread this mixture evenly over the top of the apples.
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Place the pie on a baking sheet to catch any drips, and bake at 425°F for 15 minutes, then reduce heat to 350°F and bake for an additional 30 minutes.
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Remove the pie from the oven and cool to lukewarm before slicing.
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Store, refrigerated, for up to 5 days. Freeze for up to 3 months.